Bovine milk extracellular vesicles induce the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and promote osteogenesis in rats

Bone is constantly balanced between the formation of new bone by osteoblasts and absorption old osteoclasts. To promote growth improve health, it necessary to proliferation differentiation osteoblasts. Although bovine milk known exert a beneficial effect on formation, study extracellular vesicles (EVs) osteogenesis in limited. In this study, we demonstrated that EVs promoted human osteogenic Saos-2 cells increasing expression cell cycle-related proteins. addition, also induced RUNX2 Osterix which are key transcription factors for osteoblast differentiation. Oral administration did not cause toxicity Sprague-Dawley rats. Furthermore, longitudinal increased mineral density tibia. Our findings suggest could be safe powerful applicant enhancing osteogenesis. Practical applications Until now, calcium vitamin D have been prescribed or prevent diseases such as osteoporosis. Recently, several studies find bioactive molecules regulate cellular functions osteoclasts actively underway. Milk basic proteins lactoferrin present but they exist small quantities isolation these complicated making mass production difficult. has found contains large EVs, formation. Studies during will help development biomaterials